Lecture 06 Melody - Mozart and Wagner

• What Makes a Melody Beautiful?

  教授回顾了下上节课的内容，后面提到了antecedent and consequent phrase structure【开头的句式和结束的句式？】

  and, so, what makes a melody beautiful?

  It’s sort of like the definition of pornography: you know it when you see it, or you know it when you hear it.

• Puccini’s Gianni Schicchi: Cadences and Sequences

  Giacomo Puccini的歌剧 Gianni Schicchi 贾尼·斯基基

  查了下wiki，呃，这个人全名真的是超级长：

  贾科莫·安东尼奥·多米尼科·米凯莱·塞孔多·马利亚·普契尼（Giacomo Antonio Domenico Michele Secondo María Puccini）【老师点名的时候得多辛苦】

  意大利作曲家，主要代表作：《波希米亚人》、《托斯卡》与《蝴蝶夫人》等歌剧，这些歌剧当中的一些歌曲已经成为了现代文化的一部分，其中包括了《贾尼·斯基基》的《亲爱的爸爸》与《图兰朵》中的《今夜无人入睡》在内。

  这里，教授选的就是《贾尼·斯基基》的《亲爱的爸爸》，是作品中的咏叹调。

  【网易云上有完整的曲子，评论部分真的是笑死人，三个字总结了这段《亲爱的爸爸》：爸，打钱。】

  deceptive cadence：假终止。Where you’re expecting to go this way, but we go that way.

• Wagner’s Tristan and Isolde: Exploring Melodic Ascents and Descents

  melodic sequence:

  simply the repetition of a musical motive at a successively higher or lower degree of the scale.

  two kinds:

  • ascending melodic sequence[音越来越高，going up, tension]
  • descending melodic sequence [音越来越低，going down， relaxation]

  欣赏 Wagner 的歌剧Tristan und Isolde 的前奏曲 prelude 和咏叹调aria 伊索尔德之死 liebestod

  摘自wiki上对于 特里斯坦与伊索尔德 Tristan und Isolde歌剧的介绍：

  一部三幕剧， 是瓦格纳和马蒂尔德·维森东克的恋情写照，马蒂尔德·维森东克是其赞助人维森东克的妻子。情节最早来源于凯尔特人的故事集中关于阿图斯国王与特里斯坦的传说。

  教授似乎不喜欢Wagner，Richard Wagner — not a very nice man, needless to say.

  前奏部分：ascending/rising melodic sequence， highly chromatic music.

  it uses this sequence to work up to a climax, hits a dissonance, resolves it into consonance. each level gets higher and higher in the violins, the trumpets come in, almost kind of like a snake rising through it.

  咏叹调 liebestod: This is not antecedent and consequent; this is a motive being pushed higher and higher each time to a climax. he used the dissonance. then he took it up two more degrees and folded it in to a consonance, so it was all very consonant at the end. 【从不和谐到和谐】We have deceptive cadences here, and we have another kind of cadence called an Amen cadence that brings an additional resonance — an additional symbolism to the conclusion.

• Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro: Melodic Sequence Analysis

  aria of Mozart’s Marriage of Figaro,we’re going to see an example of rising melodic sequence in it.

  这次教授请来了一名大四学生Lauren Libaw， a very experienced singer, and a very, very good singer。

  【很美很可爱的小姐姐】

  歌唱的部分是童仆凯鲁比诺的咏叹调部分，此时凯鲁比诺十四岁，处于情窦初开的年龄，一看见女人就不知所措，这首是他为他心爱的女伯爵献歌，歌词大意：

  你们可知道，什么是爱情？

  女士们，我心中的那个可是爱吗？

  女士们，我心中的那个可是爱吗？

  我想把一切讲给你们听，

  它如此陌生，我对此一无所知，

  只感到心中翻腾不定；

  时而狂喜，时而消沉，

  我心中充满火样热情，

  一瞬间又感到寒冷如冰。

  这是超越自我的感觉，

  我无法自持，甚至不知它是什么，

  不知道为什么终日叹息，

  莫名其妙地颤抖心悸，

  日日夜夜不得安宁，

  但我竟沉醉于此无法自拔。

  你们可知道，什么是爱情？

  女士们，我心中的那个可是爱吗？

  女士们，我心中的那个可是爱吗？

  女士们，我心中的那个可是爱吗？

  赏析：【又名听不懂系列】

  Mozart starts out here with the antecedent and consequent phrase structure. it rises up through the rising melodic sequence.that’s the climax, the peak of the whole aria, and then the bass, And when we get back to the tonic, then it comes in. a deceptive cadence, And then we have our flyover,And that’s the way it ends. So you come back to the tonic, okay? We’ve arrived. We’ve landed.

  Lovely.

  Mozart is one of the guys that puts this whole idea of structure with melody on the map. Structure, symmetry are very important in his compositions.【在Mozart的作品中，结构和对称非常重要】