这节课主要的内容依然是曲式，回旋曲式， 主题和变奏。
先来了解下Johannes Brahms：
约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯:
浪漫主义中期德国作曲家。生于汉堡，逝于维也纳。
维也纳的音乐领袖人物，创作许多钢琴曲、室内乐、交响乐及合唱曲。勃拉姆斯本身是炫技钢琴家，首演过许多自己的作品。勃拉姆斯也和当时不少杰出的音乐家一起合作，包括钢琴演奏家克拉拉·舒曼以及小提琴演奏家约瑟夫·约阿希姆。勃拉姆斯的很多作品已成为现代音乐会的主要曲目之一。勃拉姆斯是不妥协的完美主义者，曾毁掉他的部分作品．也有一些未发表的作品。
3B之一。另外两个：Bach， Beethoven
He’s a very serious composer. He takes everything very seriously.
Introduction to the Concert Program
concert 音乐会：Saturday 8:00 p.m at Battell Chapel
教授讲了下有关音乐会的事情，顺带布置了下作业 write a review for the concert。
concert 的三个作品名单：
- Mozart‘s The Marriage of Figaro
- Johannes Brahms’s variations on a theme by Joseph Haydn
- Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony
Analysis of Theme and Variations as a Form in Brahms’s Composition
练习的曲目：variations on a theme by Joseph Haydn
曲子遵循的曲式结构：A B C B， or Antecedent, Consequent, Extension, Consequent
pedal point:
This is a device that derives from organ technique where an organist would just put his foot or her foot on a particular key and just hold it for a long time.
【从管风琴师那里延伸出来】
hemiola：
when you’re rolling in one of these and you suddenly shift to the other, back and forth.
variation one: solo部分的乐器是双簧管 oboe
variation five： so much syncopation. very fast
variation seven：结构 A C A
last variation: 【一如既往的懵逼】
He’s got a theme and then he’s got what we call an ostinato in music.
here he’s making this more complicated rhythmically by not only using hemiola and syncopation, but also threes against twos simultaneously. He’s throwing in some triplets in the melody up above.
最后结束部分是一个coda，本来声音越来越低，感觉应该是结束了，结果一声响，重新来了一次主题，最后结束。
if you don’t give the audience a coda, they’re expecting the next variation to begin. So you got to throw in that coda so that everybody knows, hey, that really was the end — no fooling.
Introduction to the Rondo
回旋曲式：one big theme coming back again and again and again.
练习： Jean-Joseph Mouret‘s Rondeau Suite De Symphonies No. 1 in D
B部分用管风琴弹奏
Rondo in Vivaldi’s Spring Concerto and Mozart’s Horn Concerto
- Vivaldi’s Spring Concerto
回旋曲式
Mozart’s Horn Concerto
Notice: each time the French horn plays the theme; then the orchestra repeats it。
Rondo Form in Sting’s Music and Conclusion
展示了教授自己拍的一张照片，In France at the Chateau de Chambord，建筑风格类似回旋曲 A, B, A, C, A, B, A form。
练习： The Police’s Every Breath You Take， 从wiki上摘录下The Police 乐队的介绍：
1977年在英国伦敦成立的三人摇滚乐队，由主唱史汀Sting、鼓手科普兰和吉他手萨默斯组成，曾六次获格莱美奖。最热门的两首作品：《every breath you take》，《wrapped around your finger》