印象派，Debussy & Ravel, lovely。
Introduction to Musical Impressionism
1880 ～ 1920: 印象派时期的音乐
教授介绍了印象派画家Manet, Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro 等 和 诗人Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Arthur Rimbaud, and Stephane Mallarmé。【再次为自己没文化而惭愧……】
音乐领域中，印象派的作曲家，Claude Debussy，Maurice Ravel， Gabriel Fauré， Ottorino Respighi， Charles Griffes。
Claude Debussy：
阿希尔-克洛德·德彪西（法语：Achille-Claude Debussy, 1862年8月22日－1918年3月25日），法国作曲家。
德彪西是19世纪末20世纪初最有影响力的作曲家之一，代表作品有管弦乐《大海》和《牧神午后前奏曲》，钢琴组曲《贝加马斯克组曲》、《意象集》、《版画集》等；而创作最高峰则是歌剧《佩利亚斯与梅丽桑德》。
知名的作品：
- 《Clair de Lune》【moonlight】
- 《Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun》【牧神的午后】
其他作品如《Nocturnes》【夜曲】，《La Mer》【大海】，《Images》【意象】
教授现场弹奏了《Clair de Lune》的片段。
Debussy’s Musical Responses to Mallarme’s Poetry
介绍了《Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun》【牧神的午后】创作背景，选材于Debussy的美学导师Stephane Mallarmé的一首诗。
Google了这首诗，呃，比较长，截取部分：
林泽的仙女们，我愿她们永生。
她们的肌肤，
是那样的光艳，粉红，在天光中熠烁，
带着迷离睡意，莫非我爱的是个梦？
我的疑问有如一堆古夜的黑影
终结于无数细枝，而仍是真的树林，
证明孤独的我献给了我自身——
唉！一束祝捷玫瑰的理想的假象。
让咱们想想……
聆听 Debussy’s Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
赏析：
the harp playing away there, arpeggios periodically, just little dabs of color underneath by way of a supporting accompaniment. So let’s listen to a little bit more here. 【竖琴低音，琶音】
Focus on the flute line. That’s got the melody but it’s a kind of different melody than the melodies that we have been listening to.【长笛，旋律】
Passed it to the oboe, okay, pausing it there. So that melody, is kind of like a roulade, kind of ill-formed in a way. It’s very beautiful, but it’s difficult to sing. It’s chromatic, it doesn’t have any regular structure to it, and this is typical of the Impressionists’ approach to melody.【印象派大概就是你哼不出来的调调吧？】
聆听 Debussy’s Voiles
Voiles：
Voiles is a composition by Claude Debussy for solo piano from 1909. It is the second piece in a set of twelve préludes published in 1910. The title of the piece may be translated to English as either veils or sails; both meanings can be connected to the musical structure. Except for some mild, localized chromaticism and a short pentatonic passage, the entire piece uses the whole tone scale.
赏析：
低音部分用了固定音型的曲式Ostinato。
Ostinato were there in Baroque music. They kind of went out of fashion in the Classical period and in the romantic period. Romantic is too expansive for ostinatos, but they come back in here in the Impressionist period and they’re really important in the Modernist period.
这里音阶部分，只用了five notes，而不是常规的7个notes.
We did have whole tone but now we get a pentatonic scale, just using five notes.
还用了glissando 滑奏。
只弹白键或者黑键就是glissando。They use a lot in television and stuff.
La Cathedrale Engloutie – Interactions between Impressionist Painters and Musicians
聆听 Debussy的前奏曲prelude La Cathédrale Engloutie【沉没的教堂】
Ravel’s Ondine: A Violin Performance by Naomi Woo
Ravel’s Ondine：
来自拉威尔的作品集Gaspard de la nuit 夜之幽灵 ， Ondine为第一乐章。
三个乐章：
- Ondine「水妖」
- Le Gibet「绞刑架」
- Scarbo「幻影」
邀请一名大一的新生小姐姐Naomi Woo弹奏Ravel’s Ondine， 小姐姐真的超厉害。
赏析：
You should look at the score, and the other interesting thing is that the hand — the chord positionings change each time they go up an octave and that’s really hard. Rather than repetition of an arpeggio, up an octave, repeat it, same hand position, up an octave, the particular hand positions are changing as you go up octave to octave. Anything else — I — at the very beginning of this, I did notice — if you could play the left-hand part just so we can hear this melody at the beginning — Okay. So there we have the outlines of a pentatonic scale at work here, and you’re going to hear that at the beginning and then you’ll hear at the end. So the general form here, as if often true with these Impressionist composers, is just ternary form, A, B, A with the second and final A slightly modified.
惊艳，要粉Ravel的节奏。